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A hypersensitivity reaction is an overreaction of your immune system to something that would not usually cause an immune response. This overreaction leads to allergy symptoms. There are different types of hypersensitivity reactions. Type I reactions usually develop within a few minutes of exposure to an allergen and can sometimes progress to a severe reaction called anaphylaxis. Type II and III reactions involve the immune system attacking parts of the body, potentially leading to autoimmune diseases. Type IV reactions, also known as 'delayed hypersensitivity reactions,' occur hours to days after exposure to an allergen.
Symptoms of allergies vary depending on the allergen and the severity of the allergy. Allergy symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. Some common symptoms include hay fever (runny nose, itchy and watery eyes), eczema (dry, red, itchy skin), hives (a bumpy skin rash), and asthma (wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing). In severe cases, a type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis can occur, causing difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and throat, wheezing, vomiting, dizziness, and even collapse.
If you suspect someone is having an anaphylactic reaction, it is an emergency, and you should call an ambulance immediately. Anaphylaxis requires immediate treatment with an injection of adrenaline. For mild or moderate allergy symptoms, it is advisable to see your doctor. They can provide appropriate treatments and help you manage your allergies effectively.
People with severe allergies should take measures to avoid substances they are allergic to. If you have hay fever or eczema, it is advisable to reduce exposure to allergens that trigger your symptoms. Consult with a doctor to discuss steps you can take to avoid and prevent allergies.
An allergy is when your immune system reacts to something that is harmless to most people. These substances that cause allergies are called 'allergens'. Some common allergies include food allergies, allergies to pets like cats and dogs, grass and pollen allergies, dust mite and mould allergies, allergies to certain medicines, insect and mite bite allergies, and latex (rubber) allergies.