Thyroid problems can be caused by various factors, including Iodine deficiency, Autoimmune diseases, such as Graves' disease (causing hyperthyroidism) or Hashimoto's disease (causing hypothyroidism), Inflammation due to viral or bacterial infections, Nodules (non-cancerous lumps), Cancerous tumors, Certain medical treatments like radiation therapy, thyroid surgery, or certain medications, and Some genetic disorders. Pregnancy can also occasionally trigger or worsen thyroid problems, which, if left untreated, can lead to complications for both the mother and baby.

If thyroid problems are not properly treated, they can lead to serious health complications. For example Hyperthyroidism can cause eye problems (bulging eyes, vision issues), heart problems, brittle bones (osteoporosis), swollen skin, and thyrotoxic crisis (a severe worsening of symptoms requiring urgent medical attention). Hypothyroidism can lead to an enlarged thyroid (goitre), high cholesterol and heart disease, nerve damage (tingling, numbness, and pain), infertility, birth defects, mental health issues (like depression), and myxedema (a rare, life-threatening condition characterised by extreme cold intolerance and lethargy, requiring urgent medical attention). If you suspect you have a thyroid problem, speak to a doctor for evaluation and treatment.